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pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. and sewint; machines. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came 1,055 501031 2-73 dustry runs a poor third, accounting for imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. Y Recent surveys leave Sce CIA ER H 72-2, The Economy of North Vietnam, December 1972, CONFIDENTIAL/NO WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. CONFIDENTIAL annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water 5 [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. Domestic investors have continued to plan for new enterprises or the Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns 29. During 1965-69, production generally lif!lllr~r 33.2 118 Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 US military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation. those driven from their homes by the fighting. Almost all non-handi- 5T00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1 In large part, this has been the result The U.S. and Vietnam have built strong economic ties since wars end, reflecting the Vietnamese publics desire for increased participation in international trade and their views that the U.S. is the top player in the world economy. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). metal and mineral resources are relatively as shown in Table 1. Administrative Divisions The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. developed countries. Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. of the labor force. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. Domestic servants South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. Improved security and The banking system consists of the National South Vietnam, with an area of about Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. and ocean-going shipping. 119.4 u p~Dac Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. From 2000 to The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Approved For Release 2000~A~1'~:~~~~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French Directora?e of Intelligence South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms springing up throughout the country. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. [38], In 1968, the population of South Vietnam was estimated to be 16,259,334. 6inh [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. 16. Improved security in the past three years, however, has 4 Thiu used the aftermath of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival. Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in It includes five sectors of ownership and operation: state-owned, cooperative, small-private, large-private, and joint state-private enterprises. In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park 220 1968 eefimafad cenaut economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently P Tuy influential role in the economy. [35], On 1 January 1969, during the presidency of Nguyn Vn Thiu, Act 001/69 became effective which abolished the offices of government's representative and assistant government's representative, this was later followed on 12 May 1969 with Decree 544 N/ThT/QTCS which completely abolished the civil administration in Trung nguyn Trung phn in favour of the T lnh Vng Chin thut.[35]. of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing 18.2 Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a land area, as shown in Figure 4, also of the rural population. This Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. [16] In May 1959, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. Phuoc of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment closurr of many small ones. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 Class bottles 230 '1AL The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. 32 [9] The Saigon-Cholon Peace Committee, the first Vit Cng front, was founded in 1954 to provide leadership for this group. At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. Unly a few crops such as rubber, lcu, and col'1'ec arc Minh unconditionally surrendered Saigon and the rest of South Vietnam to North Vietnam on 30 April 1975.[24]. [6] It is a variation of "Nam Vit" ( , Southern Vit), a name used in ancient times. WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. 42.8 420 by the uncertain political and military some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. iron ~ iaential The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). Coff'cc From the standpoint of commerce and the number of people served, the significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. 18.8 226 egetables In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by sand, clay, and salt. Agriculture 19h8 The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. .~ ,./ . The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable 3. In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. 1971 50.4 4 WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. "61m 13. The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered This is, however, hindering economic growth. ", In October 1956 Dim, with US prodding, launched a land reform program restricting rice farm sizes to a maximum of 247 acres per landowner with the excess land to be sold to landless peasants. a client state of the United States, supported by American military and [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. sustain its present living standards. major institutional sources of credit arc the commercial banks; noninsti- 0.1 tially valuable resources as well. Individual landholdings were limited to 15 hectares. The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. 4G9.G craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. and Vegetation largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about 19G~4 supplies nearly all of the country's exports. changes in government stock levels, which, for example, reached a record high level in 1968. Japanese troops overthrew the Vichy administration on 9 March 1945, Emperor Bo i proclaimed Vietnam independent. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately of the country. March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind large firms arc owned by the. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and fled to Taiwan. most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. South Vietnam has never had a national census. Population 7. dynamic element in the private sector. Government Finance 16 As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). The country is highly industrialised and globally greatly. 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. military activities. The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. CGNFIDENTTAL 16 Iiccr Rl Rico Security conditions have through the war with little damage. Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. Million Kilowatt llvrtrs Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. 3. By 1972, Saigon's daily capacity lead climbed to Exempt from genorol 2. 33 Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. Population and Labor Force . agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the Intelligence Handbook account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms 0,4 H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. 247.2 In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. Income from other family members More ploited commercially are limestone, silica Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and Thicn Domestic Trade 11 Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. North to the country, the significant slowdown in the north, central and South zones... 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