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The research instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview. Revenue from property, sales, and other taxes totaled $707 billion, or 42 percent of general revenue. What tax incentives exist to help families pay for college? The logic is that, in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax . Introduce innovative fees and charges. /Font << >> What is the experience of other countries with national retail sales taxes? In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, the debate on the nature and purpose of local government has been a long and at times better one. What can state and local sales taxes tell us about a national retail sales tax? Transfers from the federal government have fluctuated considerably over the past three decades. /Meta37 37 0 R Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). /F6 41 0 R endobj How accurate are long-run budget projections? D?M5j$3X,/L )o-@ci"wAB%O3FQO ~3(,*Y| ?3efuj 6 6+?j|yDVQvKxzV. >Pu*wH:97CWW International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), pp. 3 0 obj Local governments received about 32 percent of their general revenue from state government transfers (including indirect federal funds) and 4 percent directly from the federal government. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] N /CS /DeviceRGB >> /Type /Page /F1 20 0 R /StructParents 3 /F6 41 0 R Since development demands a lot of capital, this study will critically analyze the relationship between local government finance system i.e. 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas, un.org. /Type /Group Furthermore, technological advancements can aid increased surveillance. Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from TAX. >> All dates in sections about revenue reference the fiscal year unless stated otherwise. >> Local government personnel can be trained to administer simple but adequate revenue generation instruments. The need for state and local governments to generate adequate revenue from internal sources has therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance. /S /Transparency >> 9 o"A\|h9MxgZ(wpMk UN==dN#R. endobj /Font << This effect is the strongest in mostly rural and sparsely populated areas where lignite is mined and used for power generation. /Group << These fines would promote environmentally responsible behavior as well as create a viable revenue stream for the city. Would a national retail sales tax simplify the tax code? /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] >> /Tabs /S endobj Of course, feasibility depends in part on the impact of an action on the city and its residents. New York, Scribner Press in Institute of Management and Leadership Professional Nigeria (2012). /S /Transparency If you would like information about this content we will be happy to work with you. Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). /Contents 29 0 R Department of Political Science and Public Administration, PMB 4010, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria, You can also search for this author in What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? Municipalities raise revenues by charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste management, and building permits, among others. /CS /DeviceRGB How might the taxation of capital gains be improved? xref /GS7 17 0 R How do state estate and inheritance taxes work? This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 1 0 obj For existing land lease contracts, cities could maximize value through renegotiation or cancellation and retender based on tenant response. >> Create new revenue streams. simply because of poor finances arising from ade8uate revenue generation drive. X-ray of Local government administration in Nigeria. sources, via the external sources and the internal source. /F2 21 0 R Eneanya, A. N. (2012). /F3 22 0 R What are the sources of revenue for state governments? endobj What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? /XObject << >> A limited number of charges and taxes ensures higher social acceptance and minimal collection leakage. << Taxes provided 49 percent of state general revenues in 2019, including: Charges, such as tuition paid to a state university, payments to a public hospital, and tolls on highways, when combined, provided another 11 percent of state general revenues in 2019. What is global intangible low-taxed income and how is it taxed under the TCJA? /GS31 30 0 R >> Form 2, or on the appropriate line on Nebraska and Local Sales and Use Tax Return, Form 10 . Cities should then establish a revenue committee that adopts a strategic perspective to assess the impact of revenue levers and understand the interlocking factors. Last, municipalities could increase revenues by implementing higher fees for faster processing times or better service. /XObject << Babcock University Press. Meanwhile, individual income taxes have also increased as a percentage of state and local general revenue, providing 10 percent in 1977 and 13 percent in 2019. << What is the new markets tax credit, and how does it work? Three local government officials were also interviewed. /XObject << Developing countries revenue growth is hampered by a . The State's own budgetary issues have put a major strain on local government budgets across Illinois. /Image8 18 0 R (2016). What are Opportunity Zones and how do they work? What are tax credits and how do they differ from tax deductions? The share coming from property taxes fell from 22 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 17 percent in 1985, but since then property taxes as a share of general revenue have been relatively stable. For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. AMA is one of the most resourced MMDAs 10 0 obj 15 0 obj >> <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Catawba Publishing Company. 'ocal governments in, over a number of years. /Font << What are automatic stabilizers and how do they work? Cities use fines as both a deterrent for behavior at odds with the public goodfor example, the accumulation and nondisposal of garbage or building construction without a temporary fenceand a revenue source. These cities typically adopt one of two archetypes: an independent revenue monetization department that focuses on commercial aspects and acts as a strategic unit for generating revenues, or a commercial unit integrated into the finance department that is responsible for tracking progress of revenue targets. This exercise involves analyzing the citys revenue baseline to determine current revenue generation across all streams and then comparing revenue streams against benchmarks for peer cities to identify any gaps. /Parent 2 0 R What was the experience with return-free filing in California? A third lever is optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and minimize leakage. How does the deduction for state and local taxes work? general sales taxes and gross receipts taxes, Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, federal funds for local transportation projects, Surveying State Leaders on the State of State Taxes, More Than Fines and Fees: Incorporating Equity into City Revenue Strategies, State and Local Government Revenues and Racial Disparities, Assessing Fiscal Capacities of States: A Representative Revenue SystemRepresentative Expenditure System Approach, Fiscal Year 2012, Governing with Tight Budgets; Long Term Trends in State Finances, Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population, Metropolitan Housing and Communities Policy Center, 8 percent from selective sales taxes on purchases such as, 2 percent from selective sales taxes on purchases such as, 3 percent from other taxes such as a locality'staxes onhotel bookingsandrestaurant meals. What would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth? By doing so, the people's interest would be geared towards giving their maximum support to the local government which would lead to the development of the rural area? >> Today, the LGDF receives only 6.06% of total personal income tax the state receives, a reduction . Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. Chapter One of Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Nigeria has three- tiers of government systems, These are; (i) The federal government (ii) The state government and (iii) The local government. /Meta62 60 0 R /Image20 81 0 R Local government revenue comes from property, sales, and other taxes; charges and fees; and transfers from federal and state governments. /F2 21 0 R What would and would not be taxed under a broad-based income tax? Taxes provided 42 percent of local general revenues, including: Charges, such as city revenue from sewerage and parking fees, when combined, provided 18 percent of local general revenues in 2019. The involvement of leadership as well as all relevant departments and municipalities would help to ensure proper implementation across all levels. What tax incentives encourage alternatives to fossil fuels? Local governments created with administrative and financial autonomy have two sources of revenue (internal and external) to promote development at the grassroot. Since 1977, the share of local general revenue from taxes has remained steady at about 40 percent. It is very important especially for developing countries because in developing . Whats the difference between front-loaded and back-loaded retirement accounts? /Meta52 49 0 R % !ODL 2}PE^eF}6m 0|A h%D|k[ Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government on individuals and companies, for the various legitimate function of the state (, Tax is a necessary ingredient for civili"ation. How does the availability of tax-favored retirement saving affect national saving? 4 0 obj Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. 0000003348 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] 0000003670 00000 n What is the TCJA base erosion and anti-abuse tax and how does it work? [/ICCBased 9 0 R] What is the breakdown of revenues among federal, state, and local governments? 10 Rakson Nigeria Ltd. Okotoni, O. Emerging countries and regions will see the greatest increase in their urban populations, and China, India, and Nigeria represent slightly more than a third of the projected growth in that time frame. What are municipal bonds and how are they used? /Image8 18 0 R 9 0 obj endobj Chin, A.-P. (2007). %(zC]N"t~'ewd+*a[`.dP(wz)Vio+qjXvVmWHS%n}"GC3m*.#w+.T#p1f^HgC`|Mzcs,JX8/v>na,4t^}$$\X S:ds0{ws:yGu.%;x/\)F@!>od1v((EF|' Transfers fell from 1977 through most of the 1980s but increased slowly though the 1990s. City assets and investments. It is therefore recommended that these factors that affect administrative functions be addressed; staff salaries should be paid early; the little resources at hand should be utilized in building infrastructural facilities, and the constitutional laws and bye laws should be reviewed for proper understanding of local government autonomy, power and functions as the third tier of government. 4 Candice Ferrette and Robert Brodsky, Red-light camera revenues jump in Nassau County, Newsday, June 10, 2018, newsday.com. >> How would the tax system need to change with return-free filing? << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Type /Group Despite the numerous options available to generate more funding for city operations, elected officials must proceed carefully. (eds) The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria. Problems of revenue generation in local government administration in Nigeria. A simulation of 8,760 h year-round was performed for the provincial market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage. Given state and local tax revenuevolatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large amount of federal transfers approved by Congress, particularly as part of the American Rescue Plan, these numbers will probably look different for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, but Census has not yet published that data. /Resources << https://www.grin.com/document/293498. We also look into the future in an. Nchuchuwe, F. F. Local government finance in Nigeria in Olojede, I., Fajonyomi, B., & Fatile, J. /Tabs /S \~x2{w6HZpV1 ~eh5u*d*pn1gs9WzfY+W)hh,O`\`k}[rHyU ;18HXS-xep]#2 jAI740-+-=tk3zdSzn*Qv8tC>"mTv{ 4X[w*qQ*@TLHYF\MQZjxU^VQqy hiJdNVhP Mq:=oD5QyU!WwH^_/6+_Gwg_vSLVe` -WL=:@N>X9VfEhlfN~ <=-y3e,KQ!CH[jy^{eTuyt\p\)?rj;7K80r;@66Auu:fdYfJ LG8D6 %$5 /F5 40 0 R Hassan, M. M. (2011). /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] Service fees. . State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments. What does it mean for a government program to be off-budget? 11 0000001743 00000 n /GS7 17 0 R /Tabs /S Alao, D. O., & Alao, E. M. (2013). endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Type /Group nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! Cities can also raise revenues by increasing the number of transactions through various approaches. /Type /Page /Meta99 77 0 R or improve local service delivery, though the opposite can also be true. Please try again later. /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << /Resources << An effective assessment will analyze a given interventions technical feasibility and implementation. Collection leakage might the taxation of capital gains be improved > what is new. Provincial market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage M. ( 2013 ) for services such public! Ensures higher social acceptance and minimal collection leakage revenues among federal, state, and local work... 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